More+Am.+Cultures+Notes

 Important Active Abolitionists
 * Harriet Tubman {VIP}
 * Nat Turner  {VIP}
 * Frederick Douglas {VIP}
 * Johny Brown {VIP}
 * William Lloyd Garrison
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Rankin
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">William Sill

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harriet Tubman: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A former slave who escaped slavery herself but returned to the south 13 times helping other slaves escape to North. Helped about 70 salves to freedom. Developed the Underground Railroad. Said that she “could have saved more, if she could have convinced them that they were actually slaves.” She changed the world through her feet. (Physically helping people) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What are six words to describe Harriet Tubman’s life? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Frederick Douglass: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">An escaped slave who spoke out in an Anti-Slavery Society meeting about freeing slaves. Taught himself with help of another person to read and write, brilliant writer and speaker. He influenced the world through his mind and communication. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What are six words to describe Frederick Douglas’ life?

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">William Sill: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A former slave who sheltered slaves and eventually realized he had been housing his own brother.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Henry Box Brown: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mailed himself to a Quaker meeting house in Philadelphia <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Henry Clay- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> “The Great Compromiser”. Wrote the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nat Turner: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> A slave in southern Virginia. “Preacher”, launched one of the largest slave rebellions of history. Went door to door killing any white person they saw. Rebellion raged on for 36 hours before militia killed/captured the slaves to end it. Nat Turner is found 2 months after rebellion and is tried, hung, and skinned. Result of the rebellion white population passed more slave codes further prohibiting slaves’ freedom.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Brown: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> A white abolitionist who lived in Kansas and worked his whole life to help end slavery. Dedicated his life to ending slavery because he felt guilty because he felt he did not help enough. Killed 5 men who supported Kansas becoming a slave state. Led a rebellion, took Harper’s Ferry, tried to move into deep south and free all of the slave (it didn’t work out too well...) He was tried and hung, although he was one reason for the beginning of the Civil War.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Rankin: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> A Presbyterian minister who helped organize the Underground Railroad at the Ohio River and helped people get all the way to Canada. He inspired a white Journalist named William Lloyd Garrison.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">William Lloyd Garrison: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> “Organizer” of the American anti-slavery society. Started the “Liberator”, a newspaper to free slaves. Georgia legislature placed a $5000 reward for getting his head.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John C Calhoun- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Andrew Jackson's vice president. Very vocal of slave owner’s rights. Threatened to secede with North Carolina over the tariff act.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Santa Anna- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Mexican dictator who we fought the Texas War for Independence against. Texan forces captured him and forced him to sign Texas’s independence.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Harriet Beecher Stowe- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Wrote <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Uncle Tom’s Cabin <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, (1852) a best seller that showed people the cruelty of slavery.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dred Scott- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> A slave whose master moved into the Northern States of Illinois and Wisconsin. After the death of his master and a move back to Missouri, Dred Scott sued for his freedom. Scott argued that since he had lived in the north, he had the right to be free. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Missouri Compromise-1820
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Missouri admitted as a slave state
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Maine admitted as a free state
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Missouri Compromise Line at 36 degrees 30’ (Southern boundary of Missouri West) is drawn
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Any new territory North of MO Compromise Line is free.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Any new territory South of MO Compromise Line is slave

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Compromise was made by Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky. Avoided break up of Union over the balance of power in the Senate. Both free and slave States remain even in the Senate.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Trail of Tears
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Indian Removal Act of 1830 forces all Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi to lands west of the Mississippi (Oklahoma is Indian Territory)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some tribes voluntarily move
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole are forced to move throughout the 1830s
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">¼ of all native Americans died on the trip due to disease and starvation

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">War for Texas Independence 1835-1836

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Background
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">American settlers were invited to settle in Mexican Texas in the early 1820's
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">By 1834, Mexico's Dictator Santa Anna passed laws limiting rights throughout Mexico
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Texans (mostly American settlers in Texas) rebelled and declared independence
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Santa Anna led troops into Texas (1830’s)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Many Americans fought with the Texans

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Alamo
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">February-March, 1836
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A Mission and fort in San Antonio, Texas
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">13 day siege by Santa Anna (Mexican Dictator-General)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">All Texans and Americans were killed inside The Alamo
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Those killed included famous Americans Davy Crockett, William Travis, and Jim Bowie
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">War ends in April, 1836 when Texan Sam Houston defeats and captured Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Texas gains its independence from Mexico and becomes The Lone Star Republic.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The phrase <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Remember the Alamo! <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">” <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> is a famous war cry

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 24pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Manifest Destiny <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The idea and belief that the United States was “destined”, or had a right to expand across North America regardless of who or what stood in their way.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">James K. Polk and Mexican War
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">President from 1844-1848
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 primary goals for his presidency
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Settle Oregon territory dispute with Britain
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">54/40 or fight
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Annex Texas-Accept Texas as a State
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polk accomplished both goals in his 1 term as President.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polk compromised with Britain and accepted the border in Oregon to be at the 49th parallel (instead of 54th parallel)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican War giving the US western territories to the Pacific.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 21.599pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">California Gold Rush
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Gold discovered in northern California at Sutter’s Mill in 1848 (same year that the Mexican War ends)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">1849- 300,000 Americans move to California to find gold (known as the ‘49ers)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Few found enough gold to become rich
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">California applies for statehood in 1850

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 21.599pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Compromise of 1850- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14.399pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Another Henry Clay Compromise~ A compromise that didn’t satisfy for long. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Cause-
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Should slavery be allowed in the new territory from the Mexican War?
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">California applies for statehood as a free state- a balance of power is upset in the Senate

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Effect-
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Temporarily saved the United States from threats of Southern secession and possible Civil War
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.4pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Led to further divide and mistrust between North and South over enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">What North Got || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">What South Got ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">California admitted as a free state || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">A strong Fugitive Slave Law- THE BUGABOO! ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Slave trade ended in Washington DC || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Utah, New Mexico territories allow settlers to decide slavery issue ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 21.599pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Fugitive Slave Act
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Federal Marshall’s could cross state lines to capture runaways
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Any official who does not help in capturing runaways can be fined $1,000
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Special Fugitive Slave courts established
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Judges paid $10 for returning a slave
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Judges paid $5 for not sending “slave” back
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Very Controversial in north.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Led to a strengthening of the Abolitionist movement and resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Which led to increased tension between North and South.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Which led to increased tension between North and South.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 21.599pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel about the cruel treatment of slaves
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Best seller in the north- showed people the cruelty of slavery
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">In the south Anti-Tom novels were written that showed slaves as loving their life as a slave
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Caused North and South to become more divided

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 21.599pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.399pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Cause
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">The territory north of the Missouri Compromise line (36 30 latitude) was organized into Kansas and Nebraska in order to get a transcontinental railroad through to the Pacific.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">The only way the South would support the transcontinental Railroad was to erase the Missouri Compromise line and allow people to decide if the new territories would allow slavery or not. (Did not support it because the railroad went no where in any of the Southern States therefore giving them no revenue)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"> Kansas became a battleground between pro-slaver forces and anti-slavery forces because of its location near the pro-slavery State of Missouri.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Border Ruffians <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">-- Pro slavery settlers from Missouri rode into Kansas to intimidate anti-slavery settlers. Charles Sumner, an anti-slavery congressman is beat ninety nine one hundredths to death by a New Jersey congressman Preston Brooks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Pottawatomie Massacre <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">-- Abolitionist John Brown led a massacre of 5 Pro-Slavery settlers <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Bleeding Kansas <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">-- a mini Civil War in Kansas between pro and anti Slavery forces that lasted from 1856 to 1858. Previewed the violence of the American Civil War. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 21.599pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: super;">Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision 1857 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Background
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Dred Scott was a slave whose master moved into the northern States of Illinois and Wisconsin.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">After the death of his master and a move back to Missouri Dred Scott sued for his freedom
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Scott argued that since he had lived in northern States that he was a free man

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Decision
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Declared that Dred Scott had no right to sue since he was a slave and not a U.S. citizen
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Declared that all slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could never be U.S. citizens
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Declared the U.S. Congress had no right to ban slavery in the United States since Slaves were proper

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.799pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">Effect of the Dred Scott Decision
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Celebrated in the South by Slaveholders; Very unpopular in the North, especially among Abolitionists


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Made all territories open to the expansion of slavery


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Split the Democrat party between north and South


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Energized the new anti-slavery Republican Party


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Encouraged John Brown to raid Harper's Ferry to bring about a War to end slavery