Sectionalism

[]
 * North vs. South**


 * Tuesday April 6 2010

Dred Scott Decision**
 * Scott was a slave and his owner moves to the free Wisconsin Territory and they move back to the South and the owner died
 * Scott filed a lawsuit saying that he should be free because he lived in the North
 * The Supreme Court said that Scott couldn't sue because he was not a citizen
 * They clearly stated that slaves are property
 * Since slaves are property then congress can not make any laws to limit slavery so they said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and **all territories can allow slavery**

**
 * 1854 map--map to study for the quiz (must rotate map to get proper view--unless you want to stand on your head)


 * Monday April 5 2010

Agenda** 1-Compromise of 1850 2-Uncle Tom's Cabin 3-Kansas-Nebraska Act --Bleeding Kansas


 * Uncle Tom's Cabin**
 * Was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
 * Popular book in the north that showed the brutality of slavery.
 * It was about a slave owner Simon Legree who was very mean and a very loyal slave Uncle Tom.
 * Then two female slaves ran away and Simon asked Uncle Tom and Tom said that he knew but he would never say and Simon beat Tom to death.
 * Many people on the fence became abolitionists.


 * Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854**
 * Made unorganized territory the Nebraska and Kansas Territory
 * Allowed people to decide whether Kansas and Nebraska would be free or slave (previously it was guaranteed free)
 * Led to violence between pro and anti slavery forces in Kansas--Bleeding Kansas.
 * Pro slavery and Anti Slavery settlers moved to the territories to make the territories free/slavery
 * The two forces created their own governments in the same area


 * Bleeding Kansas**
 * A group of pro slavery settlers (Border Ruffians) went to Lawerence,Kansas, which was an anti slavery town, and burned it down.
 * John Brown, an anti-slavery settler, killed 5 proslavery settlers at the Pottowattomie Creek Massacre. (COULD BE ON TEST)


 * In the floor of the Senate a pro-slavery senator, Preston Brookes, beat an anti-slavery senator, Charles Sumner, almost to death
 * John Brown went back to the East and he was treated as a hero


 * Thursday April 1 2010**


 * Before Compromise of 1850**
 * Many people rushed into California and had enough people to apply for statehood as a free state immediately.
 * Southern states didn't like it because there was 15 north and south states.
 * There was no vice president at this time to break a tie because the president died.
 * Henry Clay (person who made the Missouri Compromise) was asked to create another compromise because the southern states were making plans to secede.
 * John Calhoun (mouth of the south) speech said that if California would be allowed free state then the western territories would allow slaves and make a slave fugitive act that would allow the federal government to reclaim slaves.

**The Compromise of 1850:**
 * California admitted as a free state
 * Fugitive Slave Act
 * Slave trade banned in D.C.
 * Popular Sovereignty (people decide slave status in Utah and New Mexico territories)
 * Fugitive Slave Act** required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. People who let fugitives escape could be fined $1000. New courts were made for these cases and there was no jury. The judges received $10 for sending a slave back but $5 for setting someone free.

March 31 2010 Mexican-American War Check out James K. Polk songs from mrtitzel's tweets

James K .Polk
 * Texas is broke so they applied for statehood.
 * Many South wanted the state so they would have control in the Senate.
 * North didn't want it because they would lose power in the Senate.
 * James K. Polk became the President in 1844.
 * He wanted to Texas to become a state in 1845, Fifty Four Forty or Fight was a latitude line a little above the present day Canada border line, he was willing to fight for Oregon, low tariffs, get the US away from banking (independent treasury).
 * He believed in Manifest Destiny which is America's destiny to be a nation from the east coast to the west coast.
 * They got the 49th parallel of Oregon (present day Canada Line) and he got all the main points from his campaign done.


 * Mexican-American War 1846-1848**
 * Mexicans got mad because Texas joined America and went to war.
 * Many of the main battles were won by the Americans.
 * Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo made the Rio Grande the border line and then straight line for everything else.
 * Us gains the territories of California, New Mexico and Utah from Mexico.

**Manifest Destiny--**America's destiny (or right) to ultimately control North American continent from Atlantic to Pacific.
 * **Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!**
 * **Mexico**


 * Whig Party**
 * Started in England in 1680's.
 * They had the idea of making the infrastructure better.
 * Use government money to make roads, canals, railroads better.
 * The name is used for the revolutionary leaders (the revolutionary war leaders wore wigs).
 * People were labeled as whigs if they didn't like autocratic government (a government with a lot of power).


 * March 30 2010

Texas War for Independence** **1830's**
 * 1823 Mexico won their independence.
 * Mexican government encouraged Americans to come into present Texas (this is how Americans got into Texas and started plantations).
 * They encouraged Americans to come because they would kill the Indians there (Comanchees) and to improve the land.
 * 1830 Santa Anna a general/dictator started taking control and taxed all the states heavily.
 * Sam Houston organizes the Texan rebels and Santa Ana organizes a Mexican army to fight them.
 * During the Alamo every American died, and then more were executed.
 * Many Americans heard of the Alamo "Remember the Alamo" and rallied up to fight.
 * Sam Houston captures Santa Anna and signs a treaty and Texas becomes an independent nation (Lone Star Nation) in 1836

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamo**
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Revolution

The Alamo lay out

emancipation- "a setting free," (http://dictionary.reference.com)
 * March 29 2010**

Gettysburg Field trip permission slip due on Thursday.


 * Missouri Compromise 1820**

Maine added as a Free State All territory north of the Missouri Compromise line are free; territory south of the line are slave. **
 * Missouri added as a Slave State
 * Many Southern Statesmen have made statements that they wanted slavery to be abolished over time.
 * 1787 Northwest Ordinance abolished slavery in the Northwest Territory, and late 1808 (20 years after the Constitution was ratified) the slave trade was abolished.
 * Cotton made slavery more needed and plantation owners went West for more land and went into remote regions of Spain
 * Tobacco and Sugar Cane started growing South.
 * In the 1800s the North took control of the House so the South needed to maintain control of the Senate.
 * In 1819 Missouri wanted to be admitted as a slave state but Northerners didn't want another slave state so Missouri came as a slave state but Maine also came in as a free state.
 * North of the southern Missouri border was free and South of it allowed slaves.
 * ** After the Missouri Compromise there were 12 Northern States and 12 Southern States. **


 * Slavery Expansion Quiz material from here UP**


 * 25 March 2010 & 26 March 2010

After Quiz complete the following:

1) Search the newspaper database for an article or article summary that seems interesting to you in some way. Use search terms like--death, murder, slaves, slavery, abolitionists, Civil War, etc... When you find an interesting article post a brief summary of the article on the forum on this page. Begin reading through other student posts and make comments. Comments should be based on the content of the article and should be in the form of a question or statement about the content of the article. Do not make comments about other students in the forum. [|Valley of the Shadow Newspaper Database]**

2) Read the following web articles about westward expansion, slavery, and the Nat Turner Rebellion. [|The Expansion of Slavery and the Missouri Compromise] [|Nat Turner's Rebellion] **After reading through the two articles open your Composition Book and write 3 questions you have about each of the articles.** On Monday we will begin studying how the expansion westward led to tensions among northern and southern states over the issue of slavery, and how events like the Nat Turner Rebellion only increased the tension. media type="custom" key="5727141" media type="custom" key="5727137"

Cotton Kingdom in the South** __Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom__
 * 24 March 2010
 * **Cotton Gin** (the cotton engine):** invented by __Eli Whitney__ **** in 1793 was a machine that was used to separate cotton seeds from the fiber **. You put the cotton in the cotton gin and then crank it. The teeth inside the cotton gin then picked out the seeds. At then end of the cycle, all that was left was the actual cotton- the cotton fiber.
 * The Cotton Gin could do the work of 50 people by hand
 * It was quicker and more efficient and led to more slaves working in cotton plantations.
 * Cotton was shipped to the textile factories in the North and Europe.
 * ** With the new profits plantation owners got from being able to sell more cotton, they were able to buy more slaves, and with them could grow more cotton, and with money from more cotton could buy more slaves, and the vicious cycle would continue **

__An Agricultural Economy__
 * ** Cotton was the South's most popular crop. **
 * ** It was planted down in the deep south (GA, AL, MS, LA, TX) where the conditions are the best. **
 * Other popular crops were tobacco and rice.
 * Not just cash crops were grown; livestock was also in the south, notably hogs, oxen, mules, horses, and beef cattle

__Limited Industry, Southern Cities__
 * There were a few Southern cities--New Orleans, Richmond, Charleston, Baltimore
 * The cities in the south had the same problems that cities in the north had, like the factories (that mainly produced farm machinery and other products that would help the south's agricultural economy) and bad working conditions

__Economically Dependent__
 * The north and south depended on each other--cotton shipped to northern factories
 * South depended on Northern manufactured goods
 * ** North depended on the South for a lot of raw materials, and the South depended on the North for a lot of manufactured products **


 * 23 March 2010**

**Industry in the North** __New Inventions__ -**Sewing Machine**: Elias Howe created a sewing machine which helped workers make clothes faster. Isaaic Singer improved this invention. It allowed mass production of clothing and other cotton goods. It could do the work better than tailor's and they got mad. -**Iron Plow**: Jethro Wood created an iron plow with replaceable parts.Replaceable Parts made it easier to replace things. Instead of buying a whole thing you could just replace one part. John Deere improved plow by making it lightweight. -**Mechanical Reaper**: Cyrus McCormic produced a mechanical reaper that mowed wheat and other grains. -**Telegraph**: Samuel F. B. Morse created a telegraph in 1844 that sent electrical codes along a wire that were based on a code of dots, dashes, and spaces. Put Pony Express out of business because telegraphs were faster. **First form of quick communication over a long distance (began a communication revolution).** -**Mechanical Drill**: It beat grain from its hulk and planted grain

-Many of the inventions were agricultural

__The First Railroads__
 * First trains were cars pulled by horses
 * 1829 the first steam locomotive engine was invented
 * **Many more railroad tracks were in the North than the South**
 * Canal workers and the people who led horses that pulled trains were fearing that they were going to loose their jobs
 * The locomotive engines went 30 mph
 * ** This helped many goods to be transported faster and easier and grew the economy **

__Yankee Clippers__
 * Clipper ships were sleek vessels that had huge masts that went very fast
 * **Clipper ships helped Americans trade goods much faster around the world**
 * Started in 1845 and were the fastest for 15-20 years
 * Then Britain released Steamships which ended their fame
 * First clipper was the Rainbow in 1845 by John Griffiths
 * Made in New England
 * ** Clipper ships helped America dominate sea trade **

__The Northern Economy Expands__
 * Steam power was preferred because they could be built anywhere not just fast flowing river
 * **New machines and railroads allowed for mass production which made goods less expensive and widely available**
 * **Prices were driven down allowing more people to live more comfortable lives**

**Life in the North** __Factory conditions get worse__
 * child labor
 * dangerous working conditions and long day
 * Factory towns-company owns everything (stores, houses, restaurants)-Get paid and it goes back into the company

As a Response:
 * Skilled workers established the 1st Trade Union which organized and got a 10 hour work day for skilled workers **

__Immigration__
 * 1820's -- 1860's most immigrants from Ireland and Germany **

Irish potato famine caused 1.5 million Irish to immigrate to America between 1845-1860. Wars and rebellions caused 1 million Germans to immigrate to America between 1848-1860

**Most immigrants found work in the factories, mines, and building railroads and canals.** Many of the immigrants worked in jobs that were usually not wanted to be done by Americans that were born there.


 * Reaction against immigrants led to the rise of natives (wanting to preserve the country for native born, white citizens) organizations.**
 * The natives Know-Nothing Party was created and won 21% of the popular vote for President in 1856. The Party soon died out.

__African-Americans in the North__ Had trouble finding good jobs because employers would refuse to hire African Americans. ** There were few African Americans who became successful businessmen--Henry Blair (invented corn and cottonseed planter), Macon Allen (1st AA lawyer), and John Russworm (1st AA newspaper editor).
 * Discrimination--denied equal rights.

** 2 **2 March 2010
[|Compare Two Worlds: North vs. South in 1861]

Cotton Gin