New+Republic

The New Republic (1789-1826)** First President-Secretary of the Treasury--Secretary of State-First Vice President/Second President
 * WE ARE 222 YEARS OLD
 * George Washington--Alexander HamiltonThomas Jefferson---John Adams**

go here for all the presidents and when they were presidents http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/ go here for all the presidents and what party they were in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States ADAMS/JEFFERSON RESOURCES 360 Assignments [|http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com]

Adams and Jefferson Quiz (20 Points) Hamilton vs. Burr duel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr%E2%80%93Hamilton_duel http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/duel.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/peopleevents/pande17.html Go over Anticipation guide
 * Tuesday, March 2 2010**
 * Monday, March 1 2010**


 * 1) Type 1 Specifically what question(s) do you have about Adams/Jefferson? 3min/3lines
 * 2) Review based on the questions from type 1.

The Kentucky Virgina Resolution was a statement of belief that states have the right to nullify, or declare federal laws unconstitutional. A law is a rule that is made by the government that is enforced, and there are consquences when a law is broken. A resolution is a statement of belief.


 * Thursday, February 25**

Work on 360 Assignments

We have the whole period to work on the 360 Assignment.
 * Wednesday, February 24**

[]
 * Videos

[]

John Adams Presidency main points**

Barbary Pirates attacking
 * XYZ affair
 * Alien and Sedition Acts
 * Thomas Jefferson Presidency main points**
 * America attacked Barbary Pirates and secured a free trade route in the Mediterranean
 * Napoleon comes to power in France and the American debt is forgiven, so the French stop hijacking American ships
 * repeal of the Alien and Sedition Acts

We have the whole period to work on the 360 Assignment.
 * Tuesday, February 23**


 * Foreign Minister of France**


 * Charles Maurice de Tallyrand-Perigord**


 * Monday, February 22
 * We went over all of the guidelines and due dates for the assignment(on the home page).


 * We made questions of what we had learned before in our table groups and played a review game to ask each other the questions**

"We will spend millions in defense, but not one cent for tribute" said one of the three diplomats sent to France to negotiate.


 * Election of 1800**
 * [|Federalists] got paranoid and thought French immigrants were spies/supported French government
 * They then passed the Alien and Sedition Acts to prevent Democrat-Republican favored voting
 * Alien and Sedition Acts were not abolished until Thomas Jefferson became President in 1800
 * Election of 1800 was the closest election until the election of 2000 (George Bush and Al Gore)
 * Adams came third in election, Aaron Burr in second and Jefferson in first
 * At that time Thomas Jefferson was President and Aaron Burr was the vice President


 * Jefferson Presidency**
 * Thomas Jefferson, being Democrat-Republican, got rid of all the Alien Acts and the Sedition Acts.
 * Most of Congress, as well as the Executive Branch, was Democrat-Republican, while the Supreme Court was mostly Federalists. John Marshall was appointed by Adams and becomes one of the most influential Chief Justices.
 * The Barbary Pirates were causing problems. American cargo ship owners were hijacked for not paying the tribute and were sold into slavery. They would stop if they pay tribute to the Barbary States.
 * Long ago before the American revolution the Anglo-Dutch fleet (English and Dutch joined) attacked the Barbary States. To end the conflict the Barbary States allowed anybody ruled by the British to pass. After the Americans broke away from the British they had to pay the tribute
 * John Adams wanted to pay the fee, while Thomas Jefferson wanted to attack. Jefferson's idea won. US won and they could trade freely in the Mediterranean.
 * Adams made the navy but didn't want to fight
 * There were two Barbary Wars. The first war, we blockaded Tripoli Harbor. Then we sent American troops with some African troops, and they took over Tripoli and demanded the Americans who were taken hostage. This situation, with American merchants sailing through seas by Africa, and the ships being seized and the people on board taken hostage, is similar to the current situation with the Somalian Pirates.

[|Adams Presidency Link]


 * The situation then is somewhat similar to what is happening today, with the war on Terrorists and the the Somalian pirates, because both Presidents, Jefferson and Obama, need to make difficult decisions for the country's safety.

Barbary War
 * The Barbary States were made up of Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
 * In the September of 1803 a squadron of ships went to the Barbary Coast
 * Edward Freigle led the squadron of 6 vessels
 * He led the Constitution, the Philadelphia under William Bambridge, and the Enterprise under Steven Decatur.
 * Bambridge was pursuing six vessels with the Philadelphia into the Tripoli harbor and was then surrounded and forced to surrender the Philadelphia and a crew of over 300
 * The only way to get the Philadelphia out of the hands of the pirates was to sink it
 * Decatur with 75 other men took the Philadelphia in a "covert ops" mission with only one injury.
 * Decatur put enough explosives to not just burn it, but to create a blast that could be heard for

media type="youtube" key="SG6KmmD_udk" height="344" width="425"


 * Friday, February 19**

Type 1- (5 mins/8 lines) Imagine that you are a newspaper editor in 1798 charged with sedition for publishing criticism about the president. Write an editorial to be published in your paper defending your innocence.

link to 2facts article about the Alien and Sedition Acts []


 * **Alien and Sedition Acts (all four)**
 * consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress
 * signed by President Adams in 1798
 * Congress dominated by the Federalists
 * Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were prominent enemies of the Acts
 * widely unpopular and played major role in downfall of Federalist party
 * passed to restrict rights of aliens (presumed to be potential Republican voters or French radicals)
 * Adams refused to enforce any of the Alien Acts
 * Congress passed the laws to protect national security (looming war w/ France)
 * similar (but not as stringent) laws passed around same time in Britain and Canada
 * majority of immigrants became Democratic-Republican

[|Alien and Sedition Acts Wikipedia]

aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives expired in 1801
 * Alien Act**
 * empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens
 * response to the XYZ Affair
 * aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives
 * expired in 1800
 * aimed at French catholics who had left France because the Catholics there were being persecuted because they were accused of supporting the monarchy because the monarchs were Catholics
 * Naturalization Act**
 * increased waiting period for immigrants to become citizens from 5 to 14 years
 * response to the XYZ Affair
 * aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives
 * repealed in 1802
 * intended to decrease number of voters that disagreed with Federalist political party
 * Alien Enemy Act**
 * allowed arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at war with the US
 * response to the XYZ Affair

illegal to publish defamatory statements about federal government or its officials attempt by Federalists to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition 25 people were arrested, but only 10 people were ever convicted punishment: imprisonment for up to five years and fines up to $5000 Act did not prohibit criticism of the Vice-President required the defamatory words printed to be false made it illegal to openly criticize the government Abigail Adams convinced John Adams to sign the Act even though he didn't want to since he thought it was unconstitutinal and went against the first amendment of the Bill of Rights
 * Sedition Act**

attacked the interpretation of the Sedition Act began the concept of "nullification" of federal laws drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison part of campaigns to protest Federalist Party claimed Acts were violation of civil liberties and freedom of the press clause of 1st Amendment precedents to justify doctrine of nullification (principle that states could nullify federal laws) major help in getting Thomas Jefferson elected in 1800
 * The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions**

Alien and Sedition Acts--Issues and Controversies** See Adams and Hamilton debate neutrality on the resources page.
 * Thursday, February 18

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marines%27_Hymn http://www.usmcpress.com/heritage/marine_hymn.htm
 * Agenda

1-Terms to know (define)

2- Adams & Hamilton argue about neutrality

3- Alien & Sedition Acts

4-Doctrine of Nullification -Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions**

Vocab: Tribute (bribe)- The making of an illegal payment to people to influence decisions Alien- A person from a foreign country living in another country, immigrant. Sedition- Conduct or language inciting rebellion against the authority of the state. Nullification (doctrine of)- The idea that a state has the right not to follow a law passed by Congress. Barbary Pirates- The group of people who attacked American ships along the Barbary Coast of Africa.

The XYZ French Representatives: Jean Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, Lucien Hauteval The XYZ affair helped to cause the undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War Notes:


 * Barbary Pirates**
 * made ships pay a "toll" and the money would go to the Barbary government
 * muslim pirates from Northern Africa
 * they completely controlled the Mediterranean Sea
 * all European countries complied and were used to paying the tribute so they budgeted for these encounters
 * America refused to pay the bribe demanded by the Barbary Pirates
 * when American sailors refused to pay the Pirates took over the ships and took the sailors captive
 * after the sailors were taken captive the Americans sent in the Marines to Tripoli to rescue the sailors
 * similar to when the Americans refused to pay a tribute to the French in the XYZ affair

Marines in Tripoli

media type="youtube" key="KaWBs46USqE" height="340" width="560" --Napolean Bonaparte

XYZ Affair Summary -Focus on Details -Look for Details -What do they Symbolize**
 * Wednesday, February 17**
 * 1-Analyze XYZ Cartoon
 * -Big Picture,** **What message is the artist trying to convey?**


 * 2-****Type 1--Explain the action of this cartoon. What's going on? (8 lines/3 min)**


 * 3- XYZ Affair Video** media type="youtube" key="afB5NJmER5M" height="354" width="505"

-Undeclared Naval War -anti-French sentiment => War?** **Federalist** **|| Democrat-Republican --YES---NO -Alien-Sedition Acts -Jefferson's Response -** source: @http://core.ecu.edu/hist/zipfk/xyzaffair.jpg
 * 4-XYZ => US Reaction
 * r**[[image:http://core.ecu.edu/hist/zipfk/xyzaffair.jpg width="533" height="372"]]


 * Election of 1796**
 * 1st truly contested election
 * John Adams was president (Federalist))
 * Thomas Jefferson was the vice-president (Democrat-Republican)
 * Cabinet were leftovers from Washington's Cabinet (Federalists)

[|**link to article about John Adams**]


 * More about the XYZ affair:**

Notes:
 * it was difficult for John Adams since he was a Democrat-Republican and the cabinet was made up of Federalists
 * as this was going on, the
 * the vice-president was chosen differently back then: the runner-up gets the position of vice-president, and this was done since there were no political parties
 * because of this it was hard for things to get done because the two people had different view points which caused them to argue
 * Adams fired everyone in the cabinent because they were under the influence of Hamilton
 * Adam's first problem was the French taking over and stealing American trade/cargo ships while basicly enslaving the crew and making the crew work for France
 * The French did this to try to get America to pay off their debt to France from the Revolutionary War
 * The French also needed supplies for a war with England
 * the French said that the treaty was over and that they wanted their payment
 * Adams then sent three diplomats to France
 * the French Foreign Minister sent three representatives to speak with them, known only as X,Y and Z at the time because Adams didn't want the Americans to kmow who they were
 * X, Y, and Z were very rude to the Americans
 * the representatives told the American that they needed to pay money to France to meet with the Foreign Minister
 * American Representatives went back to American and told John Adams what happened
 * Adams refused to pay the fee/bribe the French demanded but instead sent more diplomats to France
 * The three diplomats Adams sent were:Elbridge Thomas Gerry, John Marshall, and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney they arrived in Paris, France in October 1797.
 * At that time, though, Napoleon Bonaparte had taken military control over France and his priority was in conquering Europe, not getting France's money back


 * Tuesday, February 16**

-Correct 1-15
 * 1-Washington Quiz

2-Introduction to Adams & Jefferson Mini Unit -Anticipation Guide

3- Pick 360 Jobs for Adams & Jefferson Unit**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marines%27_Hymn http://www.usmcpress.com/heritage/marine_hymn.htm
 * Monday, February 15**

1-Type 1 What caused the Whiskey Rebellion? (2 min/5 lines)

2-Whiskey Rebellion --Cause --Government takes action --Effect

3-Review Washington Presidency -Anticipation Guide -Neutrality Proclamation -Questions


 * Whiskey Rebellion-** a revolt of settlers in Western Pennsylvania in 1794 against a federal tax on whiskey, which was made in an effort to pay off debt, mainly debt left over from the
 * Pd 1**
 * idea of Alexander Hamilton (believed that taxing whiskey would be the best way to get us out of debt)
 * 1st rebellion after the Constitution was ratified
 * took place along the frontier
 * Washington pardoned the people found guilty of the Whiskey Rebellion which avoided further conflict
 * whiskey was produced largely in the Allegheny Mountains
 * many people drank whiskey so it would make a lot of money with the tax
 * every farm produced whiskey, it was the main way that the farms got money
 * the poor farmers were taxed more than the richer farmers
 * the farmers would threaten neighbors who paid the tax as well as the government as part of the rebellion because they thought that the tax was unfair
 * PRECEDENT: Congress approved a tax and people would have to pay the tax
 * the frontier and much of the south-- democrat-republican, much of the north-- federalists
 * George Washington's farewell speech gave 2 pieces of advice: 1.) avoid political parties because it will divide America 2.) stay neutral in foreign affairs (neutrality)-

- The whiskey could be shipped along the Ohio and Mississippi river through barrels. - The largest distiller of whiskey was the president. - It was Alexander Hamilton's idea to tax whiskey because they were in debt. - Farmers were being taxed at a higher rate than the wealthy even though they are more poor so the farmers got upset. - The wealthy were charged less because the government did not want to offend the higher up people so they wouldn't rebel like the farmers. - As a rebellion they threatened to burn Pittsburgh to the ground and burn the taxpayers or tar and feather the taxpayers. - People on the frontier are refusing to pay the taxes, then the president responds by gathering troops in Carlisle. - By the time Washington arrived with his troops most of the farmers scattered and stopped rebelling. - The president PARDONED the rebels because he decided they needed to move on. - Pardon- means to let go to set free. - The Whiskey Rebellion was the first major threat to our national government after the constitution.
 * Pd 2**


 * Pd 3**
 * -**Many farmers produced a lot of grain. They would use their excess to make whiskey instead of flour and bread. Because they transport their goods down the Ohio, the Mississippi and the around Florida and into New York City, Philadelphia etc. During that journey bread and flour would go bad, while whiskey does not go bad easily. Once the tax was made the Eastern Coast farmers were given a 6% tax and the farmers in the Frontier were given a 9% tax and they were the poorer farmers because they had to spend more money to transport their goods. The reason the coast farmers had a lower tax because they had influence on the capitol because they are closer and talked to them while the Frontier people would have to take a long journey to get to Philadelphia so they could not talk and deal with the capitol. The Frontier people then revolted and scared tax collectors, threatened to tar and feather them, and burned down some of the tax collectors houses. So, George Washington set up an army and they met up in Carlisle. About 13,000 troops. The word spread to the Frontier people and they all went home so when the army got there, there weren't many shots fired. Some people were arrested and some put on trial. Hamilton wanted to make them an example and give the highest punishment that could be given. Washington saw that if they did execute the leaders of the rebellion the people would realize that the new government were just like Britain and France and it could cause a full blown civil war. So he pardoned them. But he made them agree that they would have to pay their taxes and would stop rebelling.

-Precedents set by Washington related to the rebellion --Using the army to put down civil unrest --Pardoning --Having people pay taxes

1) Work on mural and videos; everyone else read the Debate This!!! opening arguments and respond on I-Citizen's Debate This!!! forum.
 * Tuesday, February 9, 2010**

2) Read the Wikipedia article on the Whiskey Rebellion prior to class on Wednesday. Be prepared to answer some basic questions about the Whiskey Rebellion on Wednesday. The Whiskey Rebellion Wikipedia article

Watch the following video to review for Washington's quiz on Thursday: Washington's Precedents History Channel video


 * Monday, February 8, 2010**

1)Project iCitizen -Convergence ---Haiti T-Shirt ---Advisory Food Drive

2)**Jobs**

Essay --3 Peer Edits (Share through GoogleDocs) --Read Aloud

Mural -Pencil Sketch

Debate -Read opening statements -Develop Rebuttals

Videos -Script/Storyboard Finalized -Rehearse

Notes: -Help peer edit - Edit Wiki


 * Friday, 2/5/10**
 * Watch Rap on Flocabulary media type="custom" key="5321181" width="200" height="200" align="right"
 * Respond to I-Citizen Question under links
 * Discussed jobs and expectations
 * Working Period

To prepare yourself for the test next Thursday you should look back at the paper handouts that were given to you. You should also do look back at other notes that were taken a few days ago. You should know the definitions for the vocabulary words. You should also know some of the people, like Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton and George Washington and what they did for the country. You should also know the definitions of; Civil War, French Revolution, Precedent, Neutrality,Democrat Republican, Federalist's, and Whiskey Rebellion.

media type="youtube" key="Oy7IFSS-F0I" height="340" width="560"
 * Thursday, 2/4/10**

Hamilton- believed in industry, a strong central authoritative government, from New York, preferred cities and much of the North followed his ideals.

Jefferson- thought that agriculture was the best route for the USA, believed that the majority of power should belong to the states, from Virginia, preferred country, South followed his ideals, he was the ambassador to France and excited about the French Revolution and supported it so he helped Genêt.He was also a revolutionary and once said " The tree of liberty needs to be refreshed from time to time with the blood of kings and powerful tyrants" and he believed that the people should overthrow the government when they thought it was necessary.He was described as a radical and revolutionary

[|Civil War]- The war which divided our nation during the time Abraham Lincoln was president. Some of the causes were slavery and the fact that the South focused on agriculture and the North focused on industries. Also, since the banks were located up North, the farmers from the South owed the banks money and were tired of owing all their money to the North.

[|French Revolution]- after seeing how successful the American Revolution was, the French decided to have their own. The people overthrew and killed the king and the rest of the royal family. Then the country went out of control, and the state/ new government killed any who had anything to do with the monarchy. Even people who were Roman Catholics like the king was were executed. After the revolution, the French became paranoid and stupidly waged war on Britain, then sent Genêt to America to recruit people, since they beleived America was indebted to them, because they helped out during the American Revolution.


 * Wednesday, 2/3/10**

media type="youtube" key="sPEQPuD1UhQ" height="344" width="425" Citizen Genêt Photo Credit: Wikipedia--- 1-Neutrality and the conflict between Jefferson and Hamilton 2-Key Decision 1791 (due tomorrow) 3-Jobs George Washington's Precedents "So help me God" at the end of the [|oath of office] Voluntarily retired after two terms as president Using the national army to settle civil unrest

French envoy Edmond-Charles Genêt was extremely popular in his tour of America. With help from Secretary of State Jefferson, he recruited many Americans to fight with the French against Washington's wishes. Genêt was a very arrogant character. Genêt was docked in the South and started rallying support of the people to help the war effort in Revolutionary France. He would go up the states and use a guillotine to represent the king being beheaded. Jefferson continually encouraged Genêt and the French in general. Washington wanted to stay neutral during the fight and repeatedly told Genêt that he could not do this.

Alexander Hamilton thought that we needed to build industries and factories so that we do not have to rely on European countires for exports, his reasoning being if we ever went to war with European countries, they might raise prices, of even refuse to sell us the goods we need.. He wanted to make America more self-sufficient and not depend on Europe as much as the currently were. He believed in taxing foreign products (tariff). Alexander Hamilton beleived by doing this, he would encourage people to buy American products, rather than the foriegn products.

Thomas Jefferson thought that we could make money by using our natural resources (farming, agriculture). He encourages everybody to move west and start farming. He thought that the only truly free person is someone who owns their land without a boss. He thinks that by making people work in factories (Hamilton's idea) then we are enslaving people. He is also against tariffs and taxes but supports trading with Europe. He thinks that we should trade our excess with the Europeans and then we can get what we want from them.


 * Tuesday, 2/2/10**

media type="youtube" key="-L2o9mx5SCs" height="344" width="425"

Type 1 - Friendship Scenario - Inauguration Video -Precedents -Friendship Scenario -Neutrality -Jobs

Washington's precedents:


 * "So Help Me God" added to end of oath of office
 * Surround yourself with talented advisers (Not just friends)
 * Use of National military to put down domestic unrest
 * Must pay taxes
 * Retired after 2 terms

We signed a treaty with the french stating that we would help them when they were in need because they helped us when we were in need.
Attention everyone!!! We will be having a quiz on Thursday, 2/13! Study! You should know what the definitions to the vocabulary words. Understand them!


 * Debate (12 students)
 * Class Notes (8 students)
 * Vocabulary Mural (8 students)
 * 30 second topic videos (2-3 students per topic)
 * Video Review (3-5 students in same class

Presidency of George Washington
 * Monday, 2/1/10**