Study+Guide+--+Unit+3+--+New+Republic

Name: __Section__:-

New Republic Study Guide (Due Thursday, February 3) Test—Friday, February 4th

__Review:__ Washington Anticipation Guide Adams/Jefferson Anticipation Guide Whiskey Rebellion Study Hall Wiki page Jay’s Treaty Study Hall Wiki page Alien & Sedition Act Study Hall Wiki page American Foreign Policy 1800-1820 Study Hall Wiki page Extra Notes on Study Hall Wiki page

**Precedent:**  an act or decision that sets an example for others to follow

**Neutrality:** the state of being Neutral; the policy or status of a nation that does not choose to participate in a war between other nations; neutral status

**Cabinet:** heads of the executive branch departments, presidential advisers, a group of officials who head government departments and advise the President

**Whiskey Rebellion:**  an excise tax on whiskey that caused Western PA farmers to gather/assemble and they agreed to raise a force to resist the tax. They vowed to kill tax collectors and withdraw from the union if President George Washington tried to enforce the despised tax. Others intercepted (cut off) federal mails and destroyed letters that provided the names of rebels. Some 7,000 western Pennsylvanians then marched on Pittsburgh where they threatened the citizens and to take control of the federal arsenal at Fort Pitt. They also threatened Fort Lafayette, which was the supply depot for the federal army who were out fighting the Indians who threatened their security and trade to the west -- a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States

**Neutrality Proclamation:**  a 1793 statement by President Washington that stated that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European Conflict

**Federalist:** believe that America should be based in the large Eastern cities and build up the factories to become an industrial nation (Hamilton), supporter of the Constitution, who favored a strong federal, or national, government

**Democrat-Republican:**  believe that America should expand westward and work the land farming, without a boss, supporter of Thomas Jefferson, who favored a decentralized government

**Tariffs:**  tax on foreign goods brought into a country

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Alien:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> immigrant, a foreigner living in another country

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Sedition:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> talking about over throwing the government, seditious activity would be going against your government

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Alien & Sedition Acts:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> During this time (1798), there was a big debate on whether or not we should go to war after the insult of the XYZ Affair, which caused great tension. As a result, many citizens are bashing government members and criticizing them because of their ideas, thoughts, and actions. This is when the Federalists created the Alien and Sedition acts which made it illegal to criticize the govn’t since they became so tired of all of the negativity in the press and media -- in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the govn’t or its officials
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Naturalization Act <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**--This act required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship.**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Alien Act** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">--Authorized the President to deport aliens "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" during peacetime.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Alien Enemies Act** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">--This act allowed the wartime arrest, imprisonment and deportation of any alien subject to an enemy power.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Sedition Act** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">--declared that any treasonable activity, including the publication of "any false, scandalous and malicious writing," was a high misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment. Twenty-five men, most of them editors of Republican newspapers, were arrested and their newspapers forced to shut down.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**XYZ Affair:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Adams sent diplomats to visit France after Jay's Treaty was ratified because the French began seizing American ships in retaliation for America's closer relations with Britain. The men went with intentions to meet with Tallyrand, however, the agents of Tallyrand (XYZ) told him that they requested $250,000 for Tallyrand himself and $10 million for France. The American response was: "Millions for Defense, Sir, but NOT ONE CENT FOR TRIBUTE". The men then reported back to Adams and many people/citizens had mixed views on the situation when it became public. Many became angered. As a result, Adams had to choose to either send more men to negotiate peace or listen to Hamilton and go to war and side with the Federalists. Adams chose to send more men over to France to negotiate peace, when Napoleon was in reign. Napoleon didn’t want to go to war with America, and therefore a treaty was created. The XYZ Affair divided Americans because most people in the Federalist party wanted to go to war (hawks), due to the tribute that was introduced and insulted our nation. Some Federalists wanted to go to war before the 3 diplomats were sent over. The fact that Adams wanted to send more people over, divided the Federalist party even more, and eventually split between the “war wing” and the “more planning wing”. The Democrat-Republicans wanted farming, peace (no war), and they didn’t want to spend money for war, avoided militarizing because it would benefit the national government, that they were against. Adams had a falling out with both men, thought both were wrong, and he was taking the middle road. He didn’t go with the majority, or one side or the other, he went with his gut and sided with himself -- a 1797 French attempt to bribe the United Sates by demanding payment before talks could begin on the issue of French seizure of neutral American ships

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **Tribute:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> money you pay to influence something

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Nullification:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> to cancel of to get rid of something, when states declare a federal law unconstitutional and attempt to get rid of it

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> argued that individual States should have the right to nullify, or cancel, any Federal law the state believes is a violation of the Constitution, including the Alien and Sedition Acts

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Barbary Pirates:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Pirates who took over ships that entered the Barbary States

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Election of 1800:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Alexander Hamilton helps to get Jefferson elected. The Federalists actually helped the Democrat-Republicans! Hamilton disliked Aaron Burr, who was also running for president at the time. As a result, Alexander Hamilton, although he didn’t care for Jefferson or the D-R’s, persuaded some federalists to vote Jefferson instead of Burr. Jefferson was elected and the congress and president was overtaken by Democrat Republicans. Federalists were no longer in power and it was the last election that the runner up was vice president, Aaron Burr. One of the first things that Jefferson did once in office is repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts. Democrat-Republicans believed that these acts were very unconstitutional.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Louisiana Purchase:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> vast territory between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains, purchased from France in 1803

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Corps of Discovery:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a group of about 50 adventurous, young men who were judged by Lewis and Clark in competition to join the Corps of Discovery, these young men had character, strength, hunting skills, and ability to survive in the wilderness

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Impressment:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> forcing sailors to sail against their own country, without will

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**War Hawks:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Congressmen from the frontier states who wanted war with Britain

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Monroe Doctrine:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> It stated that the United States chose to act independently of Britain. The doctrine also stated that the US would not interfere in European affairs or affairs of European Colonies. The doctrine protected the Americas from being colonized by European countries after they had declared their independence. Britain supported the Doctrine but the US didn’t have enough military power to support the doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine became more important as the United States grew. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">_ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-- Traveled extensively around the country -- Use of force to enforce laws (Whiskey Rebellion) -- Use of cabinet as Advisers -- Neutrality in foreign affairs -- Served 2 terms then retired -- Added “So help me God” to the Oath of Office -- Title; Mr. President
 * What were some of Washington’s precedents?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Whiskey Rebellion was a group of 500 angry farmers who gathered and agreed to create a force that would resist the excise tax on whiskey. They promised to assassinate tax collectors and leave the union if President George Washington attempted to enforce the hated tax. Others cut off federal mails and destroyed letters that listed the names of the rebels. 7,000 western Pennsylvanians then marched on to Pittsburgh, at which they threatened the people of the city to take control of the government armory. George Washington dreaded the fact that the territories in the west may separate. President Washington also feared that if the government fell through in restraining the actions of the rebels, that it would collapse and be thought of as powerless. As a result of the rebellions’ severity, Washington drafted a proclamation asking that the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and New Jersey would place a force of 12,950 men into the federal service. He, himself, united with his troops and marched them out of Bedford. This show of force in raising an army by President Washington strengthened the new government. This event was also the first time the president had exercised the interior police powers of his office. The request to draft men, from states near by, in order to form a force that would thwart the resistance of the rebels was one of the most important precedents in our nation (that occurred as a result of the reaction from the 1st president, to the Whiskey Rebellion). This event involved George Washington, many outraged Western PA Farmers, Alexander Hamilton, David Bradford, John McFarland, and the Watermelon Army. It was caused by an excise (product) tax on whiskey and other liquors.
 * What caused the Whiskey Rebellion and who did it involve?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Neutrality Proclamation was a 1793 statement by President George Washington declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries. The proclamation caused diplomatic problems because it was a split between colonists who wanted war, and those who did not. It is, therefore, diplomatic because it was a split within Jefferson and Hamilton.
 * Explain the Neutrality Proclamation and why it caused diplomatic problems.**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Federalists//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Hamilton, supported Constitution, should become an industrial nation, favored a strong national government, agreed with the excise tax on whiskey, resided mostly in the East and North, pro-tariffs, cities, pro-britain, created Alien&Sedition Bills, against Nullification, for war against France during XYZ Affair, against war of 1812 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Democrat-Republicans//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Jefferson, believed America should expand westward and work the land farming, despised and disagreed with the excise tax on whiskey, resided mostly in the South, strong state govn’t, farming, rural/frontier, pro-french, against Alien&Sedition, NULLIFICATION, against war with France, for war of 1812
 * What were some of the differences between the Federalists and Democrat-Republicans?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**__//REVIEW THESE TOPICS! THEY WILL BE HEAVILY EMPHASIZED! REVIEW THE 1791 WORK SHEET (BLUE) FROM THE VERY BEGINNING OF THIS UNIT!//__**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">During this time (1798), there was a big debate on whether or not we should go to war after the insult of the XYZ Affair, which caused great tension. As a result, many citizens are bashing government members and criticizing them because of their ideas, thoughts, and actions. This is when the Federalists created the Alien and Sedition acts which made it illegal to criticize the govn’t since they became so tired of all of the negativity in the press and media -- in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the govn’t or its officials
 * What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and why were they passed by Congress?**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Naturalization Act <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**--This act required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship.**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Alien Act** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">--Authorized the President to deport aliens "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" during peacetime.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Alien Enemies Act** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">--This act allowed the wartime arrest, imprisonment and deportation of any alien subject to an enemy power.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Sedition Act** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">--declared that any treasonable activity, including the publication of "any false, scandalous and malicious writing," was a high misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment. Twenty-five men, most of them editors of Republican newspapers, were arrested and their newspapers forced to shut down.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Once Jefferson became president, he repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Democrat-Republicans believed these Acts to be unconstitutional.
 * What was Jefferson’s response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Alexander Hamilton helped Jefferson become president/get elected and it was the first time D-Rs took over/managed the govn’t. First time Federalists were no longer in power. (see definition above for more information)
 * Why was the Election of 1800 so important?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was unexpected because we were not bargaining for that area in the first place (Louisiana), and it exceeded our price range (it was 15 million dollars to purchase Louisiana from France). However the expanse of land was larger than that of what we were originally bargaining for in New Orleans, for 10 million dollars. It was vital to the U.S. because it gave us a chance to expand westward and look for a Northwest Passage, water route. Hence, the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The Louisiana Purchase was also vital to our nation because we mapped out the Western territories/areas.
 * Why was the purchase of Louisiana both unexpected and vital to the U.S.?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the goals for the Corps of Discovery was to discover if there was a Northwest Passageway. Another was to map out the western territories. They were accomplished, however, no Northwest Passageway existed.
 * What were the goals for the Corp of Discovery? Were they accomplished?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Causes -- Impressment of American sailors -- Britain arming the Indians/Native Americans with American weaponry <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Effects -- we became truly independent -- no more impressment which led to the US having the ability to transport goods and expand westward -- industrialization (further)
 * What caused the war of 1812? What effect did the War have on the development of the U.S.?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Declared: the United States chose to act independently of Britain -- the United States would not interfere with European affairs or affairs of European colonies
 * What did the Monroe Doctrine declare and how was it a fitting end to the New Republic unit?**